Usefulness of BK virus-specific interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay for predicting the outcome of BK virus infection in kidney transplant recipients

Background/Aims@#To investigate if BK virus (BKV)-specific T cell immunity measured by an interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay can predict the outcome of BK virus infection in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). @*Methods@#We included 68 KTRs with different viremia status (no viremia [n = 17], BK viremia [n = 27], and cleared viremia [n = 24]) and 44 healthy controls (HCs). The BK viremia group was divided into controller ( 3 months) according to sustained duration of BKV infection. We compared BKV-ELISPOT results against five BKV peptides (large tumor antigen [LT], St, VP1-3). @*Results@#BKV-ELISPOT results were higher in three KTRs groups with different BKV infection status than the HCs group (p < 0.05). In KTR groups, they were higher in cleared viremia group than no viremia or BK viremia group. Within the BK viremia group, controller group had higher LT-ELISPOT results compared to noncontroller group (p = 0.032). Also, KTRs without BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVN) had higher LT, St, VP1, and VP2-ELISPOT results than those with BKVN (p < 0.05). @*Conclusions@#BKV-ELISPOT assay may be effective in predicting clinical outcomes of BKV infection in terms of clearance of BK virus and development of BKVN.

Prevalence and Predictors of Polypharmacy among Elderly Outpatients in a Public Hospital

Background@#Polypharmacy, the use of multiple drugs, is a growing concern in older adults. It has been reported that the prevalence of polypharmacy in elderly patients is higher in Korea than in other countries. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of polypharmacy in elderly outpatients who visited a Seoul Medical Center. @*Methods@#We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 12,551 elderly patients aged ≥65 years who visited outpatient clinics in a public hospital in Seoul between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018. We defined “polypharmacy” as the use of ≥6 medications per person; “major polypharmacy,” ≥11 medications per person; and “excessive polypharmacy,” ≥21 medications per person. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to investigate the risk factors for polypharmacy. @*Results@#Among the elderly outpatients studied, 40.7% had polypharmacy, 11.9% major polypharmacy, and 0.8% excessive polypharmacy. The lowerincome medical aid population is associated with polypharmacy (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.47–1.97). @*Conclusion@#We observed a high prevalence of polypharmacy in elderly outpatients, especially the medical aid population, who visited a Korean public hospital. Nationwide vigorous efforts to assess and reduce the prevalence of polypharmacy are urgently required for the Korean older population.

Persistent Hiccups after Cervical Selective Nerve Root Block

Persistent hiccups are rare complications following epidural steroid injections. Although the underlying etiology is not clearly understood, corticosteroids are the drug group referenced most frequently in the literature as being associated with hiccups. A 54-year-old man occurred a persistent hiccup after cervical root block due to cervical radiculopathy. A stellate ganglion block was performed, but the hiccup continued. After that, the hiccup did not stop, so metoclopramide 10 mg was prescribed. After taking the drug the next day, hiccups started to decrease in frequency, the hiccup was completely stopped from the second day of taking the drug, the hiccup was completely stopped. He reported that he had not experienced recurrent hiccups. This report highlights the importance of evaluating the cause of hiccups and determining the treatment strategy accordingly.

Persistent Hiccups after Cervical Selective Nerve Root Block

Persistent hiccups are rare complications following epidural steroid injections. Although the underlying etiology is not clearly understood, corticosteroids are the drug group referenced most frequently in the literature as being associated with hiccups. A 54-year-old man occurred a persistent hiccup after cervical root block due to cervical radiculopathy. A stellate ganglion block was performed, but the hiccup continued. After that, the hiccup did not stop, so metoclopramide 10 mg was prescribed. After taking the drug the next day, hiccups started to decrease in frequency, the hiccup was completely stopped from the second day of taking the drug, the hiccup was completely stopped. He reported that he had not experienced recurrent hiccups. This report highlights the importance of evaluating the cause of hiccups and determining the treatment strategy accordingly.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Recurrent Falls in the Elderly Visiting the Emergency Department after a Fall

BACKGROUND: Several studies have evaluated risk factors for falls; however, the risk factors for recurrent falls are poorly understood. Therefore, this study evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with recurrent falls.METHODS: This study included 250 patients aged over 65 years, all of whom visited the emergency department (ED) at Seoul Medical Center following a fall from January 2016 to December 2017. We reviewed the patients' medical records for demographic data and medical history. Previous fall history, use of gait-aids, residence type, and fall recurrence were assessed via individual telephone calls.RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 21.6% (n=54) of the 250 subjects experienced recurrent falls. Logistic regression analyses showed that fall recurrence was significantly associated with a previous fall history and the residence type. Subjects who lived in basement-level residences had a significantly higher risk of fall recurrence compared to those who lived in ground-level residences (odds ratio, 8.910; 95% confidence interval, 1.082–73.366).CONCLUSION: This study revealed a high incidence of fall recurrence in older adults who visited the ED due to falls. Our results suggest that careful evaluation and intervention are essential, especially in elderly individuals with fall histories and those who live in residences associated with ncreased risk of falls.

Association of Work-Time, Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Osteoporosis Prevalence: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2015–2016

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is an important factor for preventing osteoporosis. This study aimed to investigate the association of work- and leisure-time physical activities with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.METHODS: Data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2015–2016. A total of 2,885 postmenopausal women were included in the analysis. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the intensity of the work- and leisure-time physical activities. T-test, chi-square test, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used.RESULTS: No association was found between work-time physical activity and osteoporosis prevalence. However, a dose-response relationship was found in case of leisure-time physical activity. People with leisure-time physical activity of at least >1,000 MET-min/week showed lower prevalence of osteoporosis.CONCLUSION: An appropriate level of leisure-time physical activity should be recommended to prevent and treat osteoporosis.

Relationship between Degenerative Disc Disease and Lipid Profiles in Older Adults

BACKGROUND: Lumbar degenerative disc disease (LDDD) is associated with obesity; however, there are only a few studies on the relationship between LDDD and the specific risk of obesity, such as dyslipidemia. We aimed to identify the independent association between LDDD and serum lipid profiles in older adults.METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was performed with the patients with LDDD, such as spinal stenosis and lumbosacral disc prolapse, and control patients. Sixty-eight patients with LDDD aged 65–85 years were recruited in the LDDD group. Thirty-seven age- and sex-matched controls without LDDD were also enrolled. Logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for age, sex and body mass index to assess the association between LDDD and serum lipid profiles.RESULTS: Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the LDDD group. The subjects with abnormal triglyceride level (>150 mg/dL) showed a significant odds ratio (7.274, 95% confidence interval [1.552–34.095], P-value=0.012) for LDDD.CONCLUSION: The study findings suggest that higher total cholesterol level may be associated with the patients with LDDD. Therefore, the association between serum triglyceride level and risk of LDDD must be studied further.

The Relationship between Thyroid Nodules Detected through Ultrasonography and Thyroid Function Test Results in Healthy Individuals

BACKGROUND: The detection of thyroid nodules through ultrasonography (US) has improved with the development of imaging technologies and thyroid cancer screening in Korea. We evaluated the relationship between the presence of thyroid nodules on US and thyroid function test (TFT) results in healthy individuals.METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of data from 449 adults (313 men and 136 women) who underwent tests to evaluate serum thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine levels, thyroid US, and if needed, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).RESULTS: Of the 449 subjects, 144 subjects (32.1%) had thyroid nodules. Among the 144 with thyroid nodules, 24 (16.7%) were advised to undergo FNAC, and all of them showed normal serum TSH levels. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of thyroid nodules was not related to abnormalities noted on TFTs after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and presence of risky drinking behavior and hypertension (P=0.647).CONCLUSION: The presence of thyroid nodules on US in healthy adults was not associated with abnormal TFT results. Serum TSH check-ups during the evaluation of thyroid nodules discovered through US in asymptomatic individuals living in areas with a low prevalence of autonomous functioning thyroid nodules might not be necessary from the perspective of cost-effectiveness and subject convenience.

Comparison of Six Commercial Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Dengue Virus Non-Structural-1 Antigen and IgM/IgG Antibodies

ELISAs and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely used for diagnosing dengue virus (DENV) infection. Using 138 single blood samples, we compared the ability to detect non-structural (NS)-1 antigen and anti-DENV IgM/IgG antibodies among (1) DENV Detect NS1 ELISA, DENV Detect IgM capture ELISA and DENV Detect IgG ELISA (InBios International, Inc.); (2) Anti-Dengue virus IgM Human ELISA and Anti-Dengue virus IgG Human ELISA (Abcam); (3) Dengue virus NS1 ELISA, Anti-Dengue virus ELISA (IgM) and Anti-Dengue virus ELISA (IgG) (Euroimmun); (4) Asan Easy Test Dengue NS1 Ag 100 and Asan Easy Test Dengue IgG/IgM (Asan Pharm); (5) SD BIOLINE Dengue Duo (Standard Diagnostics); and (6) Ichroma Dengue NS1 and Ichroma Dengue IgG/IgM (Boditech Med). For NS1 antigen detection, InBios and Euroimmun showed higher sensitivities (100%) than the RDTs (42.9–64.3%). All tests demonstrated variable sensitivities for IgM (38.1–90.5%) and IgG (65.7–100.0%). InBios and Boditech Med demonstrated higher sensitivity (95.6% and 88.2%, respectively) than the other tests for combined NS1 antigen and IgM antibody. Five NS1 antigen tests had good agreement (92.8–98.6%) without showing positivity for chikungunya. However, all IgG tests demonstrated potential false-positivity with variable ranges. Clinical laboratories should note performance variations across tests and potential cross-reactivity.

Development of a Rapid Automated Fluorescent Lateral Flow Immunoassay to Detect Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg), Antibody to HBsAg, and Antibody to Hepatitis C

BACKGROUND: Accurate, rapid, and cost-effective screening tests for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may be useful in laboratories that cannot afford automated chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs). We evaluated the diagnostic performance of a novel rapid automated fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). METHODS: A fluorescent LFIA using a small bench-top fluorescence reader, Automated Fluorescent Immunoassay System (AFIAS; Boditech Med Inc., Chuncheon, Korea), was developed for qualitative detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) within 20 minutes. We compared the diagnostic performance of AFIAS with that of automated CLIAs—Elecsys (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany) and ARCHITECT (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA)—using 20 seroconversion panels and 3,500 clinical serum samples. RESULTS: Evaluation with the seroconversion panels demonstrated that AFIAS had adequate sensitivity for HBsAg and anti-HCV detection. From the clinical samples, AFIAS sensitivity and specificity were 99.8% and 99.3% for the HBsAg test, 100.0% and 100.0% for the anti-HBs test, and 98.8% and 99.1% for the anti-HCV test, respectively. Its agreement rates with the Elecsys HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV detection assays were 99.4%, 100.0%, and 99.0%, respectively. AFIAS detected all samples with HBsAg genotypes A-F and H and anti-HCV genotypes 1, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 4, and 6. Cross-reactivity with other infections was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: The AFIAS HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV tests demonstrated diagnostic performance equivalent to current automated CLIAs. AFIAS could be used for a large-scale HBV or HCV screening in low-resource laboratories or low-to middle-income areas.

Utility of Volume Assessment Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A Prospective Observational Study / 대한구급학회지

BACKGROUND: Fluid overload prior to continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is an important prognostic factor. Thus, precise evaluation of fluid status is necessary to treat such patients. In this study, we investigated whether fluid assessment using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can predict outcomes in critically ill patients requiring CRRT. METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed in patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit and who required CRRT. BIA was conducted before CRRT; then, the ratio of extracellular water to total body water (ECW/TBW) was derived to estimate volume status. RESULTS: A total of 31 patients treated with CRRT were included. There were 18 men (58.1%), and the median age was 67 years (interquartile range, 51 to 78 years). Fourteen patients (45.2%) died within 28 days after CRRT initiation. Patients were divided into 16 with ECW/TBW ≥0.41 and 15 with ECW/TBW <0.41. Survival rate within 28 days was different between the two groups (P = 0.044). Cox regression analysis revealed a relationship between ECW/TBW ≥0.41 and 28-day mortality, but it was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 9.8; P = 0.061). Lastly, the area under the curve of ECW/TBW for 28-day mortality was analyzed. The area under the curve of ECW/TBW was 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.92), and this was significant (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Fluid status can be assessed using BIA in critically ill patients requiring CRRT, and BIA can predict mortality. Further large trials are needed to confirm the usefulness of BIA in critically ill patients.

Human Leukocyte Antigen-C Genotype and Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor-Ligand Matching in Korean Living Donor Liver Transplantation

BACKGROUND: The interaction between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and HLA class I regulates natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and function. The impact of NK cell alloreactivity through KIR in liver transplantation remains unelucidated. Since the frequency of HLA-C and KIR genotypes show ethnic differences, we assessed the impact of HLA-C, KIR genotype, or KIR-ligand mismatch on the allograft outcome of Korean liver allografts. METHODS: One hundred eighty-two living donor liver transplant patients were studied. Thirty-five patients (19.2%) had biopsy-confirmed acute rejection (AR), and eighteen (9.9%) had graft failure. The HLA-C compatibility, KIR genotypes, ligand-ligand, and KIR-ligand matching was retrospectively investigated for association with allograft outcomes. RESULTS: Homozygous C1 ligands were predominant in both patients and donors, and frequency of the HLA-C2 allele in Koreans was lower than that in other ethnic groups. Despite the significantly lower frequency of the HLA-C2 genotype in Koreans, donors with at least one HLA-C2 allele showed higher rates of AR than donors with no HLA-C2 alleles (29.2% vs 15.7%, P=0.0423). Although KIR genotypes also showed ethnic differences, KIR genotypes and the number of activating KIR/inhibitory KIR were not associated with the allograft outcome. KIR-ligand mismatch was expected in 31.6% of Korean liver transplants and had no impact on AR or graft survival. CONCLUSIONS: This study could not confirm the clinical impact of KIR genotypes and KIR-ligand mismatch. However, we demonstrated that the presence of HLA-C2 allele in the donor influenced AR of Korean liver allografts.

Development and Performance Evaluation of External Quality Controls for Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin E Tests

BACKGROUND: Many companies have developed different methods and products for allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) tests. Because there is no standardised reference method, external quality assessment (EQA) is important for allergen-specific IgE test to ensure the comparability and reliability of the results from different laboratories. We prepared specimens for EQA of allergen-specific IgE tests and evaluated their stability. METHODS: Four pooled sera with 24 selected allergen-specific IgE levels were prepared and stored at −80℃. The stability of allergen-specific IgE levels was assessed on days 1, 7, and 14 at −20℃, 2℃ to 8℃, and 20℃ to 25℃, and then after 3 months at −80℃. Mock proficiency tests were performed with the four sets of prepared external quality controls for six laboratories, using the commercial multiple allergen simultaneous test (MAST) methodology. RESULTS: About 150 specimens (650 µL each) for EQA were prepared; randomly selected specimens showed similar IgE levels for the 24 allergens (±1 class). The levels of allergen-specific IgE remained stable throughout the study period (P>0.05). Although mock survey results from six laboratories using four MAST assays revealed some variability with a difference (2–3 class), no consistent differences were observed through the allergens or MAST methods. Qualitative results from the mock survey showed 85.4% (cut-off of class 1) and 81.3% (cut-off of class 2) concordance with the results from ImmunoCAP (Phadia, Sweden). CONCLUSIONS: The pooled sera prepared for allergen-specific IgE tests might be adequate and useful for EQA.

Utility of Volume Assessment Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A Prospective Observational Study / 대한중환자의학회지

BACKGROUND: Fluid overload prior to continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is an important prognostic factor. Thus, precise evaluation of fluid status is necessary to treat such patients. In this study, we investigated whether fluid assessment using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can predict outcomes in critically ill patients requiring CRRT. METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed in patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit and who required CRRT. BIA was conducted before CRRT; then, the ratio of extracellular water to total body water (ECW/TBW) was derived to estimate volume status. RESULTS: A total of 31 patients treated with CRRT were included. There were 18 men (58.1%), and the median age was 67 years (interquartile range, 51 to 78 years). Fourteen patients (45.2%) died within 28 days after CRRT initiation. Patients were divided into 16 with ECW/TBW ≥0.41 and 15 with ECW/TBW <0.41. Survival rate within 28 days was different between the two groups (P = 0.044). Cox regression analysis revealed a relationship between ECW/TBW ≥0.41 and 28-day mortality, but it was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 9.8; P = 0.061). Lastly, the area under the curve of ECW/TBW for 28-day mortality was analyzed. The area under the curve of ECW/TBW was 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.92), and this was significant (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Fluid status can be assessed using BIA in critically ill patients requiring CRRT, and BIA can predict mortality. Further large trials are needed to confirm the usefulness of BIA in critically ill patients.

Health Literacy and Its Related Factors in North Korean Refugees

BACKGROUND: In September 2016, the number of North Korean refugees living in South Korea was 29,688. They have been struggling with health problems due to their poor health status and the differences in medical system and terminology between South and North Korea. We aimed to investigate the level of health literacy and its related factors in North Korean refugees. METHODS: This study was conducted with 142 patients who visited North Korean refugees' counseling center at Seoul Medical Center and National Central Medical Center and 100 South Korean patients who visited outpatient clinics or Health Promotion Center of Seoul Medical Center. General and health-related characteristics were surveyed through a questionnaire and health literacy was measured by using ‘Korean Adult Health Literacy Scale’. RESULTS: The average age of North Korean refugees was 48.92±11.49 years old. Almost 95% reported that their monthly income was less than 2 million KRW. The survey showed that North Korean refugees obtain health information mainly through TV, radio, and acquaintances and more than half (54.9%) said their health was bad or very bad. The mean score of North Korean refugees' health literacy was much lower than that of South Koreans (12.42±7.58 vs. 25.3±5.7, P<0.001). This discrepancy was maintained after adjusting related factors such as age, sex, and socioeconomic status with stratified analysis. CONCLUSIONS: It suggest the urgent need for policies which support for futher researches and development of education system, which may lead to the improvememt of the health literacy of North Korean regugees.

Sex Difference in the Association between Serum Homocysteine Level and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: The relationship between serum homocysteine levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the sex-specific relationship between serum homocysteine level and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Korean population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 150 men and 132 women who participated in medical examination programs in Korea from January 2014 to December 2014. Patients were screened for fatty liver by abdominal ultrasound and patient blood samples were collected to measure homocysteine levels. Patients that consumed more than 20 grams of alcohol per day were excluded from this study. RESULTS: The homocysteine level (11.56 vs. 8.05 nmol/L) and the proportion of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (60.7% vs. 19.7%) were significantly higher in men than in women. In men, elevated serum homocysteine levels were associated with a greater prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (quartile 1, 43.6%; quartile 4, 80.6%; P=0.01); however, in females, there was no significant association between serum homocysteine levels and the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In the logistic regression model adjusted for age and potential confounding parameters, the odds ratio for men was significantly higher in the uppermost quartile (model 3, quartile 4: odds ratio, 6.78; 95% confidential interval, 1.67 to 27.56); however, serum homocysteine levels in women were not associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the crude model or in models adjusted for confounders. CONCLUSION: Serum homocysteine levels were associated with the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in men.

Influence of Daily Fluid Balance prior to Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy on Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients

Positive fluid balance is a risk factor for mortality in critically ill patients, especially those requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). However, the association between daily fluid balance and various organ impairments remains unclear. This study investigated the impacts of daily fluid balance prior to CRRT on organ dysfunction, as well as mortality in critically ill patients. We identified daily fluid balance between intensive care unit (ICU) admission and CRRT initiation. According to daily fluid balance, the time to CRRT initiation and the rate of organ failure based on the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were assessed. We recruited 100 patients who experienced CRRT for acute kidney injury. CRRT was initiated within 2 [0, 4] days. The time to CRRT initiation was shortened in proportion to daily fluid balance, even after the adjustment for the renal SOFA score at ICU admission (HR 1.14, P = 0.007). Based on the SOFA score, positive daily fluid balance was associated with respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, and coagulation failure, independent of each initial SOFA score at ICU admission (HR 1.36, 1.26, 1.24 and 2.26, all P < 0.05). Ultimately, we found that positive fluid balance was related with an increase in the rate of 28-day mortality (HR 1.14, P = 0.012). Positive daily fluid balance may accelerate the requirement for CRRT, moreover, it can be associated with an increased risk of multiple organ failure in critically ill patients.

Influence of Daily Fluid Balance prior to Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy on Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients

Positive fluid balance is a risk factor for mortality in critically ill patients, especially those requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). However, the association between daily fluid balance and various organ impairments remains unclear. This study investigated the impacts of daily fluid balance prior to CRRT on organ dysfunction, as well as mortality in critically ill patients. We identified daily fluid balance between intensive care unit (ICU) admission and CRRT initiation. According to daily fluid balance, the time to CRRT initiation and the rate of organ failure based on the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were assessed. We recruited 100 patients who experienced CRRT for acute kidney injury. CRRT was initiated within 2 [0, 4] days. The time to CRRT initiation was shortened in proportion to daily fluid balance, even after the adjustment for the renal SOFA score at ICU admission (HR 1.14, P = 0.007). Based on the SOFA score, positive daily fluid balance was associated with respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, and coagulation failure, independent of each initial SOFA score at ICU admission (HR 1.36, 1.26, 1.24 and 2.26, all P < 0.05). Ultimately, we found that positive fluid balance was related with an increase in the rate of 28-day mortality (HR 1.14, P = 0.012). Positive daily fluid balance may accelerate the requirement for CRRT, moreover, it can be associated with an increased risk of multiple organ failure in critically ill patients.

Correlation between Fatigue and Quality of Life Caused by Stress of Researchers' Work / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to provide baseline data by utilizing solutions to health problems caused by work-related stress and to examine a way of treatment by comparing and analyzing how the stresses link to fatigue and quality of researchers' life. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 50 researchers working for in H research institute in Daejeon Metropolitan City from April 10th to May 10th, 2012 to examine the correlation of work stress, fatigue and quality of life. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test to look into examine the difference in work stress, fatigue, and quality of life. Also, the correlation of work stress, fatigue and quality of life was measured through by the Pearson correlation coefficient. The data collected through the questionnaires was were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 based on the significant level with a p-value, 0.05. RESULTS: The results showed that fatigue was caused by work stresses in researchers and quality of life was ranked in a relatively low level. Correlation of work stresses, quality of life and fatigue and work stresses against mental health index was negative and fatigue against physical index was also negative. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to maintain more detailed provisions in order to improve mental health and stress level of researchers. Moreover, systematic, in-depth evaluation should be done to reduce researcher's work-related stress and fatigue. In addition, stress management and prevention program should be implemented for these researchers.

The Effects of DISC Behavior Styles of Office Workers on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Job Performance / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: In this research, we recognized the effects of DISC behavior styles of office workers on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance, and tried to present a basic data for designing an efficient working system and enhancing the quality of personal life by applying them in the real office work environment. METHODS: A survey was conducted for 315 office workers in D city from Jan. 28th to May 30th 2010, and the collected data were analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 17.0. RESULTS: 1. The differences on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance according to the general characteristics of subjects, were significant except for the gender in job satisfaction and education in organizational commitment. 2. Relationships in job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance of subjects, showed positive correlation. 3. Job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance according to the DISC behavior styles, were generally not significant. However, some questions were characterized by the DISC types. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to seek an efficient design method by identifying the differences of individual behavior types to enhance job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance of office workers, and such an effective job design should be made at the organizational level.